Study Questions in Anatomy Text

Chapter 1 page 29:

Critical thinking questions 2 and 4:

2.

4.
Review Exercises: Part A:2,4,6,7,11,13, and 14

2. Anatomy deals with the structures of body parts and Physiology considers the functions of these body parts.

4. movement- change in position of the body or of a body part. responsiveness- reaction to a change taking place inside ir ourtside the body. growth- increase in the body size without change in shape. reproduction- production of new organism and new cells. respiration- obtaining oxygen, using oxygen in releasing energy from foods, and removing carbon dioxide. digestion- breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used. absorption- passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids. circulation-movement of sunstances from place to place in body fluids. assimilation- changing of absored substances into chemically different forms. excretion- removal of wastes preduced by metabolic reactions.

6. water is the most abundant substance in the body. food refers to substances that provide organisms with necessary chemicals {nutrients} in addition to water. oxygen is a gas that makes up about one-fifth of the air. heat is a form of energy. pressure is an application of force on an object or substance.

7.

11. homeostasis is the consequence of a self-regulating control system that operates by a mechanism called negative feedback.

13. the human organism can be divided into an axial portions, which includes the head, neckm and trunk, and an appendicular portion, which includes the upper and lower limbs.
14. ventral cavity- hollow place within the body including the thoracic, abdominal, and pekvic cavities. and dorsal cavity-a hollow space in the posterior portion of the body containing the cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

Part B: 1 and 3

1. (a)stomach-abdominal cavity (b)heart-thoracic cavity (c)brain-dorsal cavity (d)liver-abdominal cavity (e)trachea (f)rectum (g) spinal cordventral cavity (h)esophagus-dorsal cavity (i)spleen- ventral cavity (j) urinary bladder-pelvic cavity

3.

Chapter 3 page 107-108

Critical Thinking 1

1. Osmosis

Review Exercises 2,3,12,13 and 14

2.

3. Cell membrane- the outermost limit of a cell, but it is more than a simple boundary surrounding the cellular contents.

12. (a)endoplasmic reticulum- a complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles. (b)ribosome-composed of protein and RNA. (c) golgi apparatus- composed of a stack of half a dozen or so flattened, membranous sacs called cisternae. (d)mitchondria-contains a small of amount of DNA that encodes information for making a few kinds of proteins and specialized RNA. (e)lysosomes-"garbage disposal" of the cell, whose function os to dismantle debris. (f)peroxisomes- membranous sacs that resemble lysosomes in size and shape. (g)(h)flagella- enable sperm cells to move (i)centrosome-nonmembranous structure composed of two rodlike centrioles (j)vesicle-membranous sacs (k-l) microfilaments and microtubes- thin rods and tubules

13.nucleus- cellualr organelle that is enclosed by a double-layered, porous membrane and contains DNA; the dense core of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons.

14. facilitated diffusion is similar to simple diffusion in that it can move molecules only from regions of higher concentration toward regions of lower concentration.

Chapter 5 page 167

Review Exercise 1,2 and 12

1. in all complex organisms, cells are organized into layers or groups called

2. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

12. Connective- Mostly have good blood supply, cells are farther apart than cells of epithelial, with matrix in between.